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\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u66b4\u653f<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u6545\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u767d\u9c81\u8be2\uff08Lucian Pye\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u5047\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u77e2\u91ce\u4ec1\u4e00\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5883\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u201d\u591a\u540d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u7586\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u805a\u5c45\u7684\u8fb9\u9672\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u516b\u516b\u56db\u5e74\u65b0\u7586\u5efa\u7701\u4e3a\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7c73\u534e\u5065\uff08James A.Millward\uff09\u66f4\u662f\u50cf\u300a\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u65b0\u8863\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u90a3\u6837\u5b9e\u8bdd\u5b9e\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f9d\u9644\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u3001\u4e1c\u5e72\u3001\u6ee1\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08independent state\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6743\u7ee7\u627f\u6ee1\u6e05\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u591a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5e1d\u56fd\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53c8\u60f3\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5851\u9020\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u6df1\u9677\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6ce5\u6cbc\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u300a\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7ec6\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6743\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u66b4\u653f\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u672a\u5bf9\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u5730\u533a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5148\u540e\u88ab\u534a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u519b\u9600\u6768\u589e\u65b0\u3001\u91d1\u6811\u4ec1\u3001\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u7b49\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u76db\u4e16\u624d\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u53ca\u4e2d\u5171\u95f9\u7ffb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u9760\u5c71\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5c06\u4e2d\u592e\u52bf\u529b\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u65b0\u7586\u3002\u4f46\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u51fb\u8d25\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5168\u9762\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5b88\u4e0d\u4f4f\u65b0\u7586\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u8fc5\u901f\u4f54\u9886\u4e86\u65b0\u7586\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7edf\u6cbb\u65b0\u7586\uff0c\u5148\u6254\u51fa\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u8089\u5305\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u540d\u65e0\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62d7\u53e3\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6cbf\u88ad\u81ea\u201c\u8001\u5927\u54e5\u201d\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u5e76\u672a\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5d29\u89e3\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u504f\u504f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3e\u4e16\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5f53\u4f5c\u901f\u6548\u6551\u5fc3\u4e38\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u57df\u81ea\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u65b0\u7586\u5b9e\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u9650\u5236\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u9a87\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u56db\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u65b0\u7586\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u8fbe\u56db\u5341\u516d\u6b21\u6bc1\u706d\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8bd5\u9a8c\u57fa\u5730\u5728\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\u7684\u7f57\u5e03\u6cca\uff0c\u4f54\u5730\u5341\u4e07\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u4e9a\u6d32\u7535\u53f0\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u6b21\u6838\u5b50\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6838\u8f90\u5c04\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u4e03\u5341\u4e94\u4e07\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u6838\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u53ca\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u65af\u7ef4\u62c9\u5a1c\u2022\u4e9a\u5386\u585e\u7ef4\u5947\uff08Svetlana Alexievich\uff09\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u300a\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u7684\u60b2\u9e23\u300b\uff08Voices from Chernobyl\uff09\u3002\u5979\u8017\u8d39\u4e09\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u63a1\u8bbf\u6570\u767e\u4f4d\u53d7\u5230\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5229\u6838\u707e\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u72ec\u767d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7eaa\u5b9e\u7684\u7b14\u8c03\uff0c\u5fe0\u5b9e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u6124\u6012\u3001\u52c7\u6c14\u4e0e\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u7eaa\u5b9e\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4f73\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u6838\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u77e5\u6653\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6c49\u65cf\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ed9\u4e88\u63ed\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u7eb5\u5bb9\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u5438\u6bd2\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u662f\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u6050\u6016\u4e0e\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u8ba9\u7ef4\u65cf\u6c11\u65cf\u9677\u5165\u4e07\u52ab\u4e0d\u590d\u4e4b\u707e\u96be\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u5f15\u7528\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u95ee\u9898\u4e9a\u6d32\u7279\u6d3e\u5458\u8428\u8fea\u514b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e1c\u7a81\u53a5\u65af\u5766\u5438\u6bd2\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516d\u5341\u7684\u4eba\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u7684\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u6570\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u4e91\u5357\uff0c\u4f4d\u5c45\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u65b0\u7586\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u6837\u7684\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

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