On September 23, 2014, a court in Urumqi city, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) sentenced Uyghur scholar Ilham Tohti to life in prison on the charge of \u201cseparatism.\u201d <\/p>\n
November 17, 2014<\/p>\n
On September 23, 2014, a court in Urumqi city, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) sentenced Uyghur scholar Ilham Tohti to life in prison on the charge of \u201cseparatism.\u201d After the verdict, Chinese state media released a detailed written account and a video segment featuring material prosecutors presented as evidence during Tohti\u2019s trial. On October 1, Tohti\u2019s lawyers submitted an appeal on his behalf. Tohti\u2019s lawyers have stated that authorities failed to abide by due process of law in their handling of the case, including by trying the case in Urumqi and refusing to call any of the witnesses the defense had requested to testify at Tohti\u2019s trial. In addition, Tohti\u2019s family expressed apprehension about his health and one of Tohti\u2019s lawyers expressed concern that Tohti\u2019s students, detained around the same time in January 2014, may be tried in secret. <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Tohti\u2019s Trial, Verdict, and Appeal <\/strong><\/p>\n On September 23, 2014, the Urumqi Intermediate People\u2019s Court convicted Uyghur scholar Ilham Tohti<\/a> to life in prison on the charge of \u201cseparatism,\u201d[1]<\/a> a crime falling under the category of \u201cendangering state security.\u201d[2]<\/a> Tohti, a professor at Minzu University in Beijing and founder of the Web site Uyghur Online (http:\/\/www.uighurbiz.net\/<\/a>), had criticized Chinese government policy in the XUAR on the Web site and elsewhere.[3]<\/a> At Tohti\u2019s trial, which took place on September 17 and 18, 2014,[4]<\/a> prosecutors told the court that Tohti had \u201cspread lessons containing separatist thoughts\u201d via Uyghur Online, \u201ccoerced students to work for the Web site and built a criminal syndicate,\u201d and \u201cincited ethnic hatred by distorting the causes of a number of riots and disputes that occurred in Xinjiang and Beijing.\u201d[5]<\/a> According to the official verdict, the court found Tohti guilty of separatism under Article 103(1) of the PRC Criminal Law<\/a> (CL); committing a crime jointly with two or more persons, under Article 25(1) of the CL; and organizing and leading a criminal group in carrying out criminal activities, under Article 26 of the CL.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n On October 1, 2014, Tohti\u2019s lawyers, Li Fangping and Liu Xiaoyuan, submitted an appeal on his behalf.[7]<\/a> On October 10, a staff member of the Urumqi Intermediate People\u2019s Court reportedly told Liu that on October 9, the court had transferred the appeal to the XUAR High People\u2019s Court.[8]<\/a> Court authorities reportedly notified Tohti\u2019s lawyers on November 11 that the court of second instance would conduct a written review on the appeal instead of holding a hearing.[9]<\/a> According to Article 232 of the PRC Criminal Procedure Law<\/a>, the court of second instance should (in most cases) reach a decision on an appeal within two months of receiving it.<\/p>\n State Media Account of Tohti\u2019s Trial<\/strong><\/p>\n On September 24, Xinhua, a state-run media outlet, published an account of Tohti\u2019s trial proceedings, including evidence presented by prosecutors in support of the charge of \u201cseparatism.\u201d[10]<\/a> On September 25, Chinese Central Television (CCTV) broadcast a 15-minute video segment regarding the trial that included interviews of detained students of Tohti and footage from Tohti\u2019s classroom lectures at Minzu University.[11]<\/a> According to the Xinhua report, the court heard that Tohti coerced students to join Uyghur Online and to thereby form a criminal group under his leadership aimed at \u201csplitting the country.\u201d[12]<\/a> Prosecutors asserted that more than 100 articles on the Web site contained \u201cseparatist\u201d content.[13]<\/a> Prosecutors also alleged that Tohti and members of the criminal group he led \u201ccolluded with overseas agencies and individuals\u201d to \u201cinternationalize\u201d the \u201cXinjiang issue.\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\n According to both Xinhua\u2019s trial account and the CCTV broadcast, Tohti used his lectures at Minzu University to advocate \u201cXinjiang independence\u201d and incite violent resistance against the government.[15]<\/a> In addition, Xinhua\u2019s trial account and the CCTV segment cite several instances in which prosecutors argued Tohti used Uyghur Online to distort violent events that took place in the XUAR and incite further violence.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n The CCTV video included excerpts from media interviews with three of Tohti\u2019s former students that prosecutors used during the trial.[17]<\/a> The students, ethnic Uyghurs Perhat Halmurat<\/a> and Shohret Nijat, and an ethnic Yi, Luo Yuwei, had also contributed to Uyghur Online.[18]<\/a> In interview statements one of Tohti\u2019s lawyers asserted may have been made under official pressure,[19]<\/a> the three stated that Tohti had forced them to post articles on the Web site that distorted facts about various incidents, and had threatened them with academic repercussions and physical violence if they failed to follow his orders.[20]<\/a> The three men are reportedly among seven students prosecutors alleged comprised the criminal group Tohti led.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n Arguments of Tohti\u2019s Defense Team <\/strong><\/p>\n According to the official verdict, Tohti\u2019s defense team argued he was innocent based on the following points (among others):[22]<\/a><\/p>\n Lawyers Point Out Procedural Errors and Other Points of Concern in Tohti\u2019s Case<\/strong><\/p>\n In media interviews and in online forums, Tohti\u2019s lawyers also raised additional concerns about authorities\u2019 handling of Tohti\u2019s case, including the following:<\/p>\n Health Concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n Tohti\u2019s lawyers and his wife, Guzelnur, expressed concerns in recent months that authorities failed to provide adequate medical treatment for a number of serious physical ailments.[31]<\/a> They stated that prison officials\u2019 weeks-long shackling of Tohti\u2019s ankles had caused them to become infected.[32]<\/a> In addition, they said prison authorities failed to address complaints that fellow prisoners beat and otherwise harassed him.[33]<\/a><\/p>\n Students Remain Under Detention <\/strong><\/p>\n According to media reports, in addition to Perhat Halmurat<\/a>, Shohret Nijat, and Luo Yuwei, who appeared in the CCTV video, four other students who were involved with Uyghur Online, Mutellip Imin<\/a>, Atikem Rozi<\/a>, Akbar Imin<\/a>, and Abduqeyum Ablimit<\/a>, remained in detention as of late September 2014.[34]<\/a> One of Tohti\u2019s lawyers expressed concern that the students may be tried in secret,[35]<\/a> and said authorities had held them in solitary jail cells and shackled their legs.[36]<\/a> Overseas media reports indicated that as of late September 2014, authorities had not allowed the students access to lawyers or visits from their family members.[37]<\/a><\/p>\n Background: Tohti\u2019s Detention and Threats Against Him and His Family <\/strong><\/p>\n On January 15, 2014, security personnel detained Tohti in a raid of his home in Beijing, in apparent connection with his public discussion of Uyghur rights issues.[38]<\/a> Authorities had subjected Tohti to harassment, arbitrary detention, and restrictions on his movement prior to his January 2014 detention.[39]<\/a> In late 2013, authorities warned Tohti not to speak to journalists,[40]<\/a> after he voiced concerns to the media regarding security measures and discrimination in the XUAR.[41]<\/a> Tohti reported that plainclothes security agents in Beijing rammed his car on November 2, 2013, with his wife and two children inside, threatening him after he exited the car that they \u201cwanted to kill [his] whole family.\u201d[42]<\/a><\/p>\n Opinion of the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention <\/strong><\/p>\n In April 2014, the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention issued an opinion stating that Tohti was being arbitrarily detained.[43]<\/a> The Working Group called upon the Chinese government to \u201cimmediately release\u201d Tohti, and to \u201cgrant him compensation for the harm he has suffered during the period of his arbitrary detention.\u201d[44]<\/a><\/p>\n For more discussion of the January 2014 arrest of Tohti and his students, see Commission Analysis, Chinese Authorities Arrest Uyghur Scholar Ilham Tohti and Students<\/a>. For discussion of Tohti\u2019s February 2013 detention and restrictions on his freedom of movement, see Commission Analysis, Authorities Block Uyghur Scholar From Leaving China, Refuse To Grant Passport to Uyghur Student<\/a>. <\/p>\n For more information on conditions in the XUAR, see Section IV\u2014Xinjiang in the CECC 2014 Annual Report<\/a>. <\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u201cSeparatist Uygur Teacher Jailed for Life,\u201d Xinhua, 23 September 14 (http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/china\/2014-09\/23\/c_133665366.htm<\/a>); Steven Jiang, \u201cChina Sentences Prominent Uyghur Scholar to Life in Prison for \u2018Separatism,\u2019\u201d CNN, 24 September 14 (http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/09\/23\/world\/asia\/china-scholar-sentence\/index.html?hpt=hp_t2<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Josh Chin, \u201cChina\u2019s New Strategy in Prosecuting Critics,\u201d Wall Street Journal, China Real Time Report (blog), 13 March 14 (http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/chinarealtime\/2014\/03\/13\/chinas-new-strategy-in-prosecuting-critics\/<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> James T. Areddy, \u201cChina Detains Dissident Uighur Scholar,\u201d Wall Street Journal, 16 January 14 (http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB10001424052702304419104579324020288326960<\/a>); Amnesty International, \u201cDocument\u2014China: Further Information: Uighur Scholar Deprived Food and Shackled: Ilham Tohti,\u201d 27 June 14 (http:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/library\/asset\/ASA17\/038\/2014\/en\/284ca235-b508-4419-a844-96885e877c2f\/asa170382014en.html<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> \u201cUygur Teacher\u2019s Separatism Trial Closes,\u201d Xinhua, 18 September 14 (http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/china\/2014-09\/18\/c_133653888.htm<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> \u201cSeparatist Uygur Teacher Jailed for Life,\u201d Xinhua, 23 September 14 (http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/china\/2014-09\/23\/c_133665366.htm<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> Joshua Rosenzweig (siweiluozi), Twitter post, 23 September 14, 8:29 a.m. (https:\/\/twitter.com\/siweiluozi\/status\/514391118092324864\/photo\/1<\/a>). In addition to a life sentence, the court imposed the punishments of the deprivation of political rights for life (Articles 56(1) and 57(1)); and confiscation of money and property (Articles 64 and 113(2)). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [7]<\/a> \u201cIlham [Tohti] Formally Appeals, Wife Reiterates Verdict Unfair\u201d [Yilihamu zhengshi shangsu qizi congshen panjue bugong], Radio Free Asia, 2 October 14 (www.rfa.org\/cantonese\/news\/Tohti-10022014102804.html?encoding=simplified<\/a>); \u201cLawyers Suspect Video Evidence in Ilham [Tohti] Separatism Case Taken Out of Context\u201d [Lushi cheng yilihamu fenlie an shipin zhengju shexian duanzhangquyi], Radio France Internationale, 2 October 14 (http:\/\/www.chinese.rfi.fr\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD\/20141002-%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88%E7%A7%B0%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%93%88%E6%9C%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E6%A1%88%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E8%AF%81%E6%8D%AE%E6%B6%89%E5%AB%8C%E6%96%AD%E7%AB%A0%E5%8F%96%E4%B9%89<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [8]<\/a> Liu Xiaoyuan, (liu_xiaoyuan),Twitter post, 10 October 14, 7:11 a.m. (https:\/\/twitter.com\/liu_xiaoyuan\/status\/520532069709926400<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [9]<\/a> \u201cNo Public Hearing in Court of Second Instance for Ilham [Tohti] Case, Lawyers Will Go to Urumqi Next Week as They Expect Decision is Near\u201d [Yilihamu an er shen bu kaiting shenli lushi xiazhou fu wushi liao jinqi xuanpan], Radio Free Asia, 12 November 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/mandarin\/yataibaodao\/shaoshuminzu\/ql1-11122014102017.html<\/a>); Rights Defense Network, \u201cThe Court of Second Instance in Ilham [Tohti\u2019s] Case Will Not Hold a Hearing\u201d [Yilihamu an er shen jiang bu kaiting shenli], 11 November 14 (http:\/\/wqw2010.blogspot.com\/2014\/11\/blog-post_56.html<\/a>). Under Article 187 of the PRC Criminal Procedure Law<\/a>, courts of second instance are not required to hold a hearing in a criminal appeal if a collegial panel makes a determination that the \u201cfacts are clear\u201d and the procuratorate does not protest the verdict of the court of first instance. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [10]<\/a> \u201cTrial Record for Ilham Tohti\u2019s Separatism Case\u201d [Yilihamu tuheti fenlie guojia an tingshen jishi], Xinhua, 24 September 14 (http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/legal\/2014-09\/24\/c_1112614703.htm<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [11]<\/a> \u201cIlham [Tohti]\u2019s Defense Lawyers Question CCTV News Special Topic Film\u201d [Yilihamu bianhu lushi zhiyi yangshi xinwen zhuanti pian], Radio France Internationale, 30 September 14 (http:\/\/www.chinese.rfi.fr\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD\/20140930-%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%93%88%E6%9C%A8%E8%BE%A9%E6%8A%A4%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88%E8%B4%A8%E7%96%91%E5%A4%AE%E8%A7%86%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98%E7%89%87<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [12]<\/a> \u201cTrial Record for Ilham Tohti\u2019s Separatism Case\u201d [Yilihamu tuheti fenlie guojia an tingshen jishi], Xinhua, 24 September 14 (http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/legal\/2014-09\/24\/c_1112614703.htm<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [13]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [14]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [15]<\/a> Ibid. Chinese Central Television, \u201cRecord of Trial in the Case of a Minzu University Professor\u201d [Zhongyang minda jiaoshi an tingshen jishi], 25 September 14 (http:\/\/tv.cntv.cn\/video\/C10336\/674c4673cb594d93aadd0740a3530ff2<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [16]<\/a> \u201cTrial Record for Ilham Tohti\u2019s Separatism Case\u201d [Yilihamu tuheti fenlie guojia an tingshen jishi], Xinhua, 24 September 14 (http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/legal\/2014-09\/24\/c_1112614703.htm<\/a>); Chinese Central Television, \u201cRecord of Trial in the Case of a Minzu University Professor\u201d [Zhongyang minda jiaoshi an tingshen jishi], 25 September 14 (http:\/\/tv.cntv.cn\/video\/C10336\/674c4673cb594d93aadd0740a3530ff2<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [17]<\/a> Chinese Central Television, \u201cRecord of Trial in the Case of a Minzu University Professor\u201d [Zhongyang minda jiaoshi an tingshen jishi], 25 September 14 (http:\/\/tv.cntv.cn\/video\/C10336\/674c4673cb594d93aadd0740a3530ff2<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [18]<\/a> Ibid. According to Radio Free Asia, on February 24, 2014, authorities notified the family of Halmurat, a Minzu University student and editor for Uyghur Online, that officials had arrested him on charges of separatism and were detaining him in Urumqi. \u201cThree Students of Uyghur Scholar Ilham Tohti Formally Arrested,\u201d Radio Free Asia, 26 February 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/english\/news\/uyghur\/arrest-02262014185533.html<\/a>). Authorities previously detained Halmurat in September 2013 at the Beijing Capital International Airport for \u201cattempting to flee the country.\u201d \u201cChinese Authorities Detain Uyghur Web Editor at Beijing Airport,\u201d Radio Free Asia, 30 September 13 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/english\/news\/uyghur\/detention-09302013190447.html<\/a>). Halmurat had been preparing to travel to Turkey to study anthropology. \u201cChinese Authorities Detain Uyghur Web Editor at Beijing Airport,\u201d Radio Free Asia, 30 September 13 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/english\/news\/uyghur\/detention-09302013190447.html<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [19]<\/a> Li Fangping, \u201cLawyer Li Fangping: Defense Statement in Ilham Tohti Separatism Case\u201d [Li fangping lushi: yilihamu tuheti fenlie guojia an bianhu ci], Invisible Tibet (blog), 27 September 14 (http:\/\/woeser.middle-way.net\/2014\/09\/blog-post_27.html<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [20]<\/a> Chinese Central Television, \u201cRecord of Trial in the Case of a Minzu University Professor\u201d [Zhongyang minda jiaoshi an tingshen jishi], 25 September 14 (http:\/\/tv.cntv.cn\/video\/C10336\/674c4673cb594d93aadd0740a3530ff2<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [21]<\/a> Li Fangping, \u201cLawyer Li Fangping: Defense Statement in Ilham Tohti Separatism Case\u201d [Li fangping lushi: yilihamu tuheti fenlie guojia an bianhu ci], Invisible Tibet (blog), 27 September 14 (http:\/\/woeser.middle-way.net\/2014\/09\/blog-post_27.html<\/a>); Edward Wong, \u201c3 Chinese Students, Missing for Months, Surface to Denounce Uighur Scholar,\u201d New York Times, 26 September 14 (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/09\/27\/world\/asia\/3-Missing-Chinese-Students-Surface-to-Denounce-Uighur-Tohti.html?_r=1<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [22]<\/a> Joshua Rosenzweig (siweiluozi), Twitter post, 23 September 14, 8:28 a.m. (https:\/\/twitter.com\/siweiluozi\/status\/514390949883936768\/photo\/1<\/a>); Joshua Rosenzweig (siweiluozi), Twitter post, 23 September 14, 8:29 a.m. (https:\/\/twitter.com\/siweiluozi\/status\/514391118092324864\/photo\/1<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [23]<\/a> \u201cLawyer for Uyghur Scholar Denied Evidence Ahead of Trial,\u201d Radio Free Asia, 13 August 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/english\/news\/uyghur\/evidence-08132014150925.html?searchterm:utf8:ustring=tohti<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [24]<\/a> Ting Shi and Shai Oster, \u201cUighur Scholar Tohti Jailed for Life for Inciting Separatism,\u201d Bloomberg, 23 September 14 (http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2014-09-23\/uighur-scholar-tohti-sentenced-to-life-for-inciting-separatism.html<\/a>); \u201cIlham [Tohti]\u2019s Defense Lawyers Question CCTV News Special Topic Film\u201d [Yilihamu bianhu lushi zhiyi yangshi xinwen zhuanti pian], Radio France Internationale, 30 September 14 (http:\/\/www.chinese.rfi.fr\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD\/20140930-%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%93%88%E6%9C%A8%E8%BE%A9%E6%8A%A4%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88%E8%B4%A8%E7%96%91%E5%A4%AE%E8%A7%86%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98%E7%89%87<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [25]<\/a> Rights Defense Network, \u201cLawyers Liu Xiaoyuan and Li Fangping Say Today\u2019s Xinhua Publication of \u201cTrial Record for Ilham [Tohti]\u2019s Separatism Case\u201d Contains Many Falsehoods and Distortions, and the Court\u2019s Allowing of the Media to Reveal the Trial Record and Evidence Constitutes a Serious Violation of the Law\u201d [Liu xiaoyuan, li fangping lushi zhi jin xinhua she fabu de \u201cyilihamu fenlie guojia an tingshen\u201d jishi cunzai zhiduo bushi he yinman qie fayuan zai yilihamu shangsu qi yunxu meiti puguang anzhuang zhengju shu yanzhong weifa], 25 September 14 (http:\/\/wqw2010.blogspot.com\/2014\/09\/blog-post_941.html<\/a>); \u201cLawyers State Video Evidence in Ilham [Tohti] Separatism Case Taken Out of Context\u201d [Lushi cheng yilihamu fenlie an shipin zhengju shexian duanzhangquyi], Radio France Internationale, 2 October 14 (http:\/\/www.chinese.rfi.fr\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD\/20141002-%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88%E7%A7%B0%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%93%88%E6%9C%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E6%A1%88%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E8%AF%81%E6%8D%AE%E6%B6%89%E5%AB%8C%E6%96%AD%E7%AB%A0%E5%8F%96%E4%B9%89<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [26]<\/a> \u201cLawyers State Video Evidence in Ilham [Tohti] Separatism Case Taken Out of Context\u201d [Lushi cheng yilihamu fenlie an shipin zhengju shexian duanzhangquyi], Radio France Internationale, 2 October 14 (http:\/\/www.chinese.rfi.fr\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD\/20141002-%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88%E7%A7%B0%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%93%88%E6%9C%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E6%A1%88%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E8%AF%81%E6%8D%AE%E6%B6%89%E5%AB%8C%E6%96%AD%E7%AB%A0%E5%8F%96%E4%B9%89<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [27]<\/a> Rights Defense Network, \u201cLawyers Liu Xiaoyuan and Li Fangping Say Today\u2019s Xinhua Publication of \u201cTrial Record for Ilham [Tohti]\u2019s Separatism Case\u201d Contains Many Falsehoods and Distortions, and the Court\u2019s Allowing of the Media to Reveal the Trial Record and Evidence Constitutes a Serious Violation of the Law\u201d [Liu xiaoyuan, li fangping lushi zhi jin xinhua she fabu de \u201cyilihamu fenlie guojia an tingshen\u201d jishi cunzai zhuduo bushi he yinman qie fayuan zai yilihamu shangsu qi yunxu meiti puguang anzhuang zhengju shu yanzhong weifa], 25 September 14 (http:\/\/wqw2010.blogspot.com\/2014\/09\/blog-post_941.html<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [28]<\/a> Li Fangping, \u201cLawyer Li Fangping: Defense Statement in Ilham Tohti Separatism Case\u201d [Li fangping lushi: yilihamu tuheti fenlie guojia an bianhu ci], Invisible Tibet (blog), 27 September 14 (http:\/\/woeser.middle-way.net\/2014\/09\/blog-post_27.html<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [29]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [30]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [31]<\/a> Chinese Human Rights Defenders, \u201c[CHRD] Arrested Uyghur Scholar Ilham Tohti Suffering From Multiple Illnesses & Other News (June 20\u2013June 26, 2014),\u201d 27 June 14 (http:\/\/chrdnet.com\/2014\/06\/chrbarrested-uyghur-scholar-ilham-tothi-suffering-from-multiple-illnesses-other-news-june-20-june-26-2014\/<\/a>); \u201cUygur Scholar Ilham Tohti Denies Charges in Separatism Trial,\u201d South China Morning Post, citing Associated Press and Agence France-Presse, 17 September 14 (http:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/china\/article\/1594663\/uygur-scholar-ilham-tohti-denies-charges-separatism-trial<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [32]<\/a> \u201cIlham [Tohti] Has Pre-Trial Hearing, Still No Date Set for Trial\u201d [Yilihamu tingqian huiyi reng wei queding shenxun riqi], Radio Free Asia, 8 September 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/cantonese\/news\/dissident-09082014085435.html?encoding=simplified<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [33]<\/a> \u201cIlham [Tohti] Humiliated by Cellmates, Shackled for Resisting\u201d [Yilihamu zao qiuyou wuru fankang bei dai jiaokao], Radio Free Asia, 4 September 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/cantonese\/news\/Tohti-Jailed-09042014100252.html<\/a>); \u201cUyghur Scholar Tohti \u2018Humiliated\u2019 in Prison, Shackled Again,\u201d Radio Free Asia, 4 September 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/english\/news\/uyghur\/shackled-09042014162301.html<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [34]<\/a> \u201cCharged With Involvement in 7\u20135 Riot, Ilham (Tohti) Insists He Didn\u2019t Split the Nation\u201d [Bei kong sheji 7\u20135 saoluan yilihamu jiancheng mei fenlie guojia], Radio Free Asia, 18 September 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/cantonese\/news\/Tohti-09182014100205.html<\/a>); Edward Wong, \u201c3 Chinese Students, Missing for Months, Surface to Denounce Uighur Scholar,\u201d New York Times, 26 September 14 (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/09\/27\/world\/asia\/3-Missing-Chinese-Students-Surface-to-Denounce-Uighur-Tohti.html?_r=1<\/a>); \u201cIlham [Tohti]\u2019s Defense Lawyers Question CCTV News Special Topic Film\u201d [Yilihamu bianhu lushi zhiyi yangshi xinwen zhuanti pian], Radio France Internationale, 30 September 14 (http:\/\/www.chinese.rfi.fr\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD\/20140930-%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%93%88%E6%9C%A8%E8%BE%A9%E6%8A%A4%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%88%E8%B4%A8%E7%96%91%E5%A4%AE%E8%A7%86%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98%E7%89%87<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [35]<\/a> Edward Wong, \u201c3 Chinese Students, Missing for Months, Surface to Denounce Uighur Scholar,\u201d New York Times, 26 September 14 (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/09\/27\/world\/asia\/3-Missing-Chinese-Students-Surface-to-Denounce-Uighur-Tohti.html?_r=1<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [36]<\/a> Michael Martina, \u201cChina Separatism Trial of Muslim Scholar Ends, Verdict Next Week: Lawyer,\u201d Reuters, 19 September 14 (http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/09\/19\/us-china-xinjiang-idUSKBN0HD08Y20140919<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [37]<\/a> Edward Wong, \u201c3 Chinese Students, Missing for Months, Surface to Denounce Uighur Scholar,\u201d New York Times, 26 September 14 (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/09\/27\/world\/asia\/3-Missing-Chinese-Students-Surface-to-Denounce-Uighur-Tohti.html?_r=1<\/a>); \u201cPretrial Hearing Scheduled for Detained Uyghur Scholar Tohti,\u201d Radio Free Asia, 27 August 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/english\/news\/uyghur\/hearing-08272014121740.html<\/a>). <\/p>\n<\/div>\n [38]<\/a> Tania Branigan, \u201cChinese Police Detain Leading Uighur Academic Ilham Tohti,\u201d Guardian, 16 January 14 (http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/jan\/16\/chinese-police-uighur-academic-ilham-tohti<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [39]<\/a> \u201cUyghur Scholar, Daughter Held,\u201d Radio Free Asia, 1 February 13 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/english\/news\/uyghur\/scholar-02012013225438.html<\/a>); Andrew Jacobs, \u201cUighur Scholar in Ugly Confrontation With Security Agents,\u201d New York Times, Sinosphere (blog), 4 November 13 (http:\/\/sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/04\/uighur-scholar-ilham-tohti-in-ugly-confrontation-with-security-agents\/?emc=edit_tnt_20131104&tntemail0=y&_r=1<\/a>); \u201cDetained Beijing-Based Uyghur Scholar Taken to Xinjiang?\u201d Radio Free Asia, 27 January 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/english\/news\/uyghur\/tohti-01272014193424.html<\/a>); \u201cIlham [Tohti] Has Been Held for Nearly a Month, but His Family Still Hasn\u2019t Received Any Notice\u201d [Yilihamu beibu jin yue jia ren reng wei huo tongzhi], Radio Free Asia, 12 February 14 (http:\/\/www.rfa.org\/cantonese\/news\/Uyghurs-b-02122014104629.html?searchterm%3Autf8%3Austring=%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86&encoding=simplified<\/a>); Ben Blanchard et al., \u201cChina Decries Foreign Interference in Detained Academic Case,\u201d Reuters, 17 January 14 (http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/2014\/01\/17\/us-china-xinjiang-idUSBREA0G0D920140117<\/a>). For Commission Analysis on Tohti\u2019s February 2013 detention, see \u201cAuthorities Block Uyghur Scholar From Leaving China, Refuse To Grant Passport to Uyghur Student,\u201d Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 7 March 13 (http:\/\/www.cecc.gov\/publications\/commission-analysis\/authorities-block-uyghur-scholar-from-leaving-china-refuse-to-grant<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [40]<\/a> Andrew Jacobs, \u201cUighur Scholar in Ugly Confrontation With Security Agents,\u201d New York Times, Sinosphere (blog), 4 November 13 (http:\/\/sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/04\/uighur-scholar-ilham-tohti-in-ugly-confrontation-with-security-agents\/?emc=edit_tnt_20131104&tntemail0=y&_r=1<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [41]<\/a> Rui Di, \u201cIlham [Tohti]: Beijing Explosion Incident May Worsen the Situation of the Uyghurs\u201d [Yilihamu: beijing de baozha shijian keneng ehua weizu ren de chujing], Radio France Internationale, 29 October 13 (http:\/\/www.chinese.rfi.fr\/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD\/20131029-%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%93%88%E6%9C%A8%EF%BC%9A%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%9A%84%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%81%B6%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%B4%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%84%E5%A2%<\/a>); Andrew Jacobs, \u201cChina Focuses on an Ethnic Minority in a Car Explosion,\u201d New York Times, 29 October 13 (http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/10\/30\/world\/asia\/china-beijing-car-explosion.html<\/a>); Yu Han, \u201cUyghur Scholar Discusses Tiananmen Attack Incident\u201d [Weizu xuezhe tan Tiananmen xiji shijian], Deutsche Welle, 30 October 13 (http:\/\/www.dw.de\/%E7%BB%B4%E6%97%8F%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E8%B0%88%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%89%E9%97%A8%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6\/a-17194992<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [42]<\/a> Andrew Jacobs, \u201cUighur Scholar in Ugly Confrontation With Security Agents,\u201d New York Times, Sinosphere (blog), 4 November 13 (http:\/\/sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/04\/uighur-scholar-ilham-tohti-in-ugly-confrontation-with-security-agents\/?emc=edit_tnt_20131104&tntemail0=y&_r=1<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n
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