{"id":4097,"date":"2018-09-30T14:01:41","date_gmt":"2018-09-30T14:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iuhrdf.org\/en\/2018\/09\/30\/my-soul-where-are-you-families-muslims-missing-china-meet-wall-silence\/"},"modified":"2018-09-30T14:01:41","modified_gmt":"2018-09-30T14:01:41","slug":"my-soul-where-are-you-families-muslims-missing-china-meet-wall-silence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/my-soul-where-are-you-families-muslims-missing-china-meet-wall-silence\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;My soul, where are you?&#8217;: families of Muslims missing in China meet wall of silence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"drop-cap\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Guardian Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; float: left; display: inline-block; text-transform: uppercase; box-sizing: border-box; height: 6.5625rem; padding-top: 0.0625rem; margin-right: 0.3125rem; color: rgb(171, 6, 19);\"><span class=\"drop-cap__inner\" style=\"line-height: 0.7; display: inline-block; vertical-align: text-top; font-weight: 900;\">F<\/span><\/span>or more than a year, *Farkhad, 39, has lived with the uncertainty that his wife Mariam may be dead. *Mariam, 31, was visiting her hometown of Artush in&nbsp;<a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/xinjiang\" name=\"auto-linked-tag\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">Xinjiang<\/a>, northwest China, in March 2017 when she sent a frantic message to Farkhad that police were taking her away.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Over the next month, she messaged sporadically on WeChat from inside what appeared to be a detention <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">centre<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">. In April she said she was being transferred to another facility. Farkhad, who calls his wife&nbsp;<em>Jenim<\/em>&nbsp;(My soul), wrote back: \u201cMy soul, what can I do?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Farkhad and his children in Almaty.\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a68f17d60d0ce31a399d789fb8ea6716ad06724e\/0_0_4194_2909\/master\/4194.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=bd9a8d824faee7d2ec5e745eae3cf557\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cDon\u2019t do anything. Don\u2019t come to&nbsp;<a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/china\" name=\"auto-linked-tag\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">China<\/a>. Don\u2019t look for me,\u201d she said. Their last conversation was in June 2017, when Mariam messaged from a hospital. She had fainted twice in the new detention <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">centre<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">. Farkhad, now the sole carer of the couple\u2019s three children, is desperate for news of her.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The camps are part of China\u2019s \u201cstrike hard\u201d campaign that is alleged to use extrajudicial detentions, surveillance, political indoctrination or \u201cre-education\u201d, torture and abuse to root out extremist elements, according to a growing body of evidence that includes witness accounts, media reports, government documents <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">and<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> satellite images. A US congressional commission on China called it the \u201cthe largest mass incarceration of a minority population in the world today\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline ad-slot--offset-right ad-slot--inline2 ad-slot--rendered\" data-desktop=\"1,1|2,2|300,250|620,1|620,350|300,274|fluid|300,600\" data-google-query-id=\"CI_e45nq4t0CFYqasgodomIH4g\" data-link-name=\"ad slot inline2\" data-mobile=\"1,1|2,2|300,250|300,274|fluid\" data-name=\"inline2\" id=\"dfp-ad--inline2\" style=\"position: relative; z-index: 1010; overflow: initial; width: 18.75rem; margin: 0.25rem -25rem 0.75rem 1.25rem; min-width: 18.75rem; min-height: 17.125rem; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); float: right; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\">\n<div class=\"ad-slot__label\" style=\"font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25rem; position: relative; height: 1.5rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; padding-left: 0.5rem; border-top: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Sans Web&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Advertisement<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot__content\" id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/59666047\/theguardian.com\/world\/article\/ng_7__container__\" style=\"border-width: 0pt; border-style: none;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><iframe data-integralas-id-b648e169-3b14-7350-fb24-c9ee5d0aa869=\"\" data-integralas-id-d5fbaf68-4b9f-60dc-4a41-378f2d80c99a=\"\" data-load-complete=\"true\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"250\" id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/59666047\/theguardian.com\/world\/article\/ng_7\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" name=\"google_ads_iframe_\/59666047\/theguardian.com\/world\/article\/ng_7\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom;\" title=\"3rd party ad content\" width=\"300\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Beijing\u2019s restrictive policies in Xinjiang, which began after a series of ethnic riots in 2009 and have increased since 2016, are coming under global scrutiny. The UN has called on&nbsp;<a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/aug\/31\/detention-of-uighurs-must-end-un-tells-china-amid-claims-of-mass-prison-camps\" name=\"in body link\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">China to release<\/a>&nbsp;all those detained on the \u201cpretext of countering terrorism\u201d. The US is reportedly&nbsp;<a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/sep\/12\/us-considers-sanctions-on-china-over-treatment-of-uighurs\" name=\"in body link\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">considering <\/a><\/span><a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/sep\/12\/us-considers-sanctions-on-china-over-treatment-of-uighurs\" name=\"in body link\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">sanctions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">against<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> Chinese officials involved in the campaign, while the Malaysian politician Anwar Ibrahim, has&nbsp;<a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-09-12\/anwar-is-appalled-by-suu-kyi-criticizes-china-s-muslim-camps\" name=\"in body link\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">called for formal talks<\/a>&nbsp;with China over the issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">China denies allegations of persecution and claims all measures are to improve stability and solidarity in the country\u2019s far west, home to about 12 million Muslim minorities. \u201cChina protects the religious freedoms of its people. All ethnic groups in China enjoy full religious freedom, according to the law,\u201d Geng Shuang, a spokesman for the foreign ministry, said at a press briefing on Wednesday.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"element element-interactive interactive\" data-alt=\"Guardian graphic.\" data-canonical-url=\"https:\/\/interactive.guim.co.uk\/uploader\/embed\/2018\/09\/xinjiang-zip\/giv-3902llHCx14L5Tn1\/\" data-interactive=\"https:\/\/interactive.guim.co.uk\/embed\/iframe-wrapper\/0.1\/boot.js\" style=\"margin: 1rem 0px 0.75rem; position: relative; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Outside of Xinjiang, the effects of the crackdown are felt most keenly in <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">neighbouring<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> Kazakhstan, home to large Uighur and Kazakh communities who have for years <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">travelled<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> back and forth between Xinjiang and&nbsp;<a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/kazakhstan\" name=\"auto-linked-tag\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">Kazakhstan<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Here, families are reeling as they search for scraps of information about their loved ones missing in China. Others express a mixture of guilt and helplessness as they learn, from what little information comes out of Xinjiang, of the grim reality just across the border.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Kazakhstan is also the site of a growing pocket of protest against what is seen as a state-sponsored campaign to erase minority cultures in China through mass detentions, intimidation, and forced assimilation with the dominant Han Chinese.<\/span><\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline ad-slot--offset-right ad-slot--inline3 ad-slot--rendered\" data-desktop=\"1,1|2,2|300,250|620,1|620,350|300,274|fluid|300,600\" data-google-query-id=\"COP4wJnq4t0CFQ6Zsgod9IECQA\" data-link-name=\"ad slot inline3\" data-mobile=\"1,1|2,2|300,250|300,274|fluid\" data-name=\"inline3\" id=\"dfp-ad--inline3\" style=\"position: relative; z-index: 1010; overflow: initial; width: 18.75rem; margin: 0.25rem -25rem 0.75rem 1.25rem; min-width: 18.75rem; min-height: 17.125rem; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); float: right; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\">\n<div class=\"ad-slot__label\" style=\"font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25rem; position: relative; height: 1.5rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; padding-left: 0.5rem; border-top: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Sans Web&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Advertisement<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot__content\" id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/59666047\/theguardian.com\/world\/article\/ng_8__container__\" style=\"border-width: 0pt; border-style: none;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><iframe data-integralas-id-12912c21-83de-561a-bac7-157c6de4af4c=\"\" data-integralas-id-44e5143d-6d14-9c14-4015-98bfcc9e8e12=\"\" data-load-complete=\"true\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"250\" id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/59666047\/theguardian.com\/world\/article\/ng_8\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" name=\"google_ads_iframe_\/59666047\/theguardian.com\/world\/article\/ng_8\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom;\" title=\"3rd party ad content\" width=\"300\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cThe Chinese communist party wants to create \u2018One people, one country, where there are no Uighurs, Kazakhs or Uzbeks \u2026 just Chinese,\u201d said Ilshat Iminov, an activist in Almaty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Others are collecting hundreds of testimonies from families whose relatives have disappeared in China and former detainees have begun to talk about their time in the camps.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 1.6875rem; margin-bottom: 0.0625rem; font-size: 2.25rem; line-height: 2.5rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><strong>\u2018There is no way out\u2019<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 1.6875rem; margin-bottom: 0.0625rem; font-size: 2.25rem; line-height: 2.5rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\">&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">*Guli, 23, was picked up by police in a park in Urumqi in June and sentenced to 15 days in a detention <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">centre<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> for not having her ID with her. Local authorities had previously interrogated her, citing reports that she wore a hijab and prayed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">She describes to the Guardian a long, <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">single-storey<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> building that held about 230 women. Inside, the women were required to sing patriotic songs for two hours on most days, <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">memorise<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> a 10-point disciplinary code and undergo self-criticism sessions. At night, the inmates took turns monitoring each other to make sure no one covered their faces or turned their back to the cameras mounted on the wall.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An ex-detainee of a Chinese internment camp in Almaty, Kazakhstan\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/d533e8b7385c3b40073a6674af4d77ef68121f51\/0_0_4400_3136\/master\/4400.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=26409e72da9ab192831ee14048650f19\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Most of the women were Uighur or Kazahk, and a few were Han Chinese. One woman told Guli she was there because police had found a \u201chappy Eid\u201d message on her phone. Another had been there for 10 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline ad-slot--offset-right ad-slot--inline4 ad-slot--rendered\" data-desktop=\"1,1|2,2|300,250|620,1|620,350|300,274|fluid|300,600\" data-google-query-id=\"CMfBrKPx4t0CFRBZGAod3qINew\" data-link-name=\"ad slot inline4\" data-mobile=\"1,1|2,2|300,250|300,274|fluid\" data-name=\"inline4\" id=\"dfp-ad--inline4\" style=\"position: relative; z-index: 1010; overflow: initial; width: 18.75rem; margin: 0.25rem -25rem 0.75rem 1.25rem; min-width: 18.75rem; min-height: 17.125rem; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); float: right; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\">\n<div class=\"ad-slot__label\" style=\"font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25rem; position: relative; height: 1.5rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; padding-left: 0.5rem; border-top: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: rgb(118, 118, 118); text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Sans Web&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Advertisement<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot__content\" id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/59666047\/theguardian.com\/world\/article\/ng_9__container__\" style=\"border-width: 0pt; border-style: none;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><iframe data-integralas-id-8c322f39-9ce0-9a53-6b4b-1938782e773a=\"\" data-integralas-id-d2a72791-8312-1936-cc22-cbf6a709c65b=\"\" data-load-complete=\"true\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"250\" id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/59666047\/theguardian.com\/world\/article\/ng_9\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" name=\"google_ads_iframe_\/59666047\/theguardian.com\/world\/article\/ng_9\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"vertical-align: bottom;\" title=\"3rd party ad content\" width=\"300\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Guli did not experience any physical abuse but the psychological pressure was intense. The guards regularly told her she would be imprisoned for another six months. They shouted at the inmates for speaking, approaching a window, or not speaking in Chinese. Guli remembers a woman in the cell across from hers whose hands were chained to her feet for four days.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Guli, who was released after serving eight days of her sentence and sent back to Kazakhstan, believes that what she witnessed was just the tip of the iceberg. \u201cI have only seen a small part \u2026 there were a lot of people who had been there much longer and I hope telling my story will help end their suffering sooner,\u201d she says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Other former detainees tell of how they were sent to re-education camps where inmates were made to learn Chinese, pledge allegiance to the communist party, and follow a strict military-style regimen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Kairat Samarkand, a Muslim Kazakh who was in a re-education camp outside of Karamagay in northern Xinjiang for almost four months this year, said he was forced to wear a contraption known as \u201ciron clothes,\u201d an outfit of iron claws and rods that left him immobile in a star position. One day, he was made to wear it for 12 hours after he refused to make his bed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"element element-image img--portrait element--thumbnail  fig--narrow-caption fig--has-shares \" data-component=\"image\" data-media-id=\"41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\" id=\"img-4\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia image\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" style=\"margin: 0.375rem 1.25rem 0px -10rem; position: relative; float: left; clear: left; width: 8.75rem;\">&nbsp;<\/figure>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"element element-image img--portrait element--thumbnail  fig--narrow-caption fig--has-shares \" data-component=\"image\" data-media-id=\"41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia image\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" style=\"margin: 0.375rem 1.25rem 0px -10rem; position: relative; float: left; clear: left; width: 8.75rem;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><a class=\"article__img-container js-gallerythumbs in-body-link--immersive\" data-is-ajax=\"\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/sep\/13\/uighur-xinjiang-family-missing-china-kazakhstan#img-4\" name=\"Launch Article Lightbox\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer;\"><source media=\"(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=3c5f2f28068a114160f6346773e19cc1 280w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 740px)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=1a59198f93504a4e6d99a07bcfcc405a 140w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 0px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=315e25587a49cb964d946b94f5db65ab 240w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=d7ae18683581e089c87a11c41ba3f635 120w\"><\/a><\/span><\/figure>\n<p><source media=\"(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=3c5f2f28068a114160f6346773e19cc1 280w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 740px)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=1a59198f93504a4e6d99a07bcfcc405a 140w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 0px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=315e25587a49cb964d946b94f5db65ab 240w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=d7ae18683581e089c87a11c41ba3f635 120w\"><\/p>\n<p><source media=\"(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=3c5f2f28068a114160f6346773e19cc1 280w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 740px)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=1a59198f93504a4e6d99a07bcfcc405a 140w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 0px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=315e25587a49cb964d946b94f5db65ab 240w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=d7ae18683581e089c87a11c41ba3f635 120w\"><\/p><source media=\"(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=3c5f2f28068a114160f6346773e19cc1 280w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 740px)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=1a59198f93504a4e6d99a07bcfcc405a 140w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 0px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=315e25587a49cb964d946b94f5db65ab 240w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=d7ae18683581e089c87a11c41ba3f635 120w\"><p><source media=\"(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=3c5f2f28068a114160f6346773e19cc1 280w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 740px)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=1a59198f93504a4e6d99a07bcfcc405a 140w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 0px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=315e25587a49cb964d946b94f5db65ab 240w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=d7ae18683581e089c87a11c41ba3f635 120w\"><\/p><source media=\"(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=3c5f2f28068a114160f6346773e19cc1 280w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 740px)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=1a59198f93504a4e6d99a07bcfcc405a 140w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 0px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=315e25587a49cb964d946b94f5db65ab 240w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=d7ae18683581e089c87a11c41ba3f635 120w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=3c5f2f28068a114160f6346773e19cc1 280w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 740px)\" sizes=\"140px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=140&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=1a59198f93504a4e6d99a07bcfcc405a 140w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 0px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=315e25587a49cb964d946b94f5db65ab 240w\"><source media=\"(min-width: 0px)\" sizes=\"120px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/41b77815abe526ebae711924c0d61d03ef9183e5\/131_90_2741_3784\/master\/2741.jpg?width=120&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=d7ae18683581e089c87a11c41ba3f635 120w\"><div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Samarkand said the inmates were not told outright to renounce their religion, but the meaning was clear. \u201cThey would say, there is no religion. The government and the party will take care of you,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Before each <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">meal<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> the detainees had to thank the Chinese president, Xi Jinping. They were required to learn the top Chinese leaders\u2019 names by heart and recite patriotic songs. \u201cIf there were no party, if there were no&nbsp;<a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-component=\"auto-linked-tag\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/xi-jinping\" name=\"auto-linked-tag\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">Xi Jinping<\/a>, there would be no country,\u201d went one chant. Samarkand was allowed to leave the camp after he attempted suicide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Another ex-detainee, who did not want to be named, said he was shocked by what he saw when he was sent to a re-education camp earlier this year. \u201cI had heard and I knew, but I was stunned,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">He recalls being locked in classrooms and monitored by guards during study sessions. Elderly detainees in his camp were told they had to learn more than 3,000 Chinese characters before they could leave. In the two <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">months<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> he was there, he did not see anyone released. Most inmates hoped to be <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">freed<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> in a year or two. As a Kazakh citizen, he was eventually allowed to leave.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A former detainee said he stayed sane by praying every day.\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/0efe49a0d214fc877f6969cdc2e088dc04a89143\/0_479_4777_2865\/master\/4777.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=a474cd0b0f7357ceb189e450e10d9add\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cThere is no way of getting out. You go into the camps, but there is no way out,\u201d he said. Now in Kazakhstan, he still fears for his family in Xinjiang, and retribution for speaking out. \u201cIf I go to China, they will kill me,\u201d he says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Up to&nbsp;<a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nchrd.org\/2018\/08\/china-massive-numbers-of-uyghurs-other-ethnic-minorities-forced-into-re-education-programs\/\" name=\"in body link\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">1.1 million people<\/a>, or about 10% of Xinjiang\u2019s adult Muslim population, have been detained in re-education camps, according to estimates by the NGOs Chinese Human Rights Defenders and Equal Rights Initiative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In a recent&nbsp;<a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/report_pdf\/china0918_web.pdf\" name=\"in body link\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">Human Rights <\/a><\/span><a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/report_pdf\/china0918_web.pdf\" name=\"in body link\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Watch<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/report_pdf\/china0918_web.pdf\" name=\"in body link\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\">report<\/a><\/span><a class=\"u-underline in-body-link--immersive\" data-link-=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/report_pdf\/china0918_web.pdf\" name=\"in body link\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(199, 0, 0); cursor: pointer; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgba(199, 0, 0, 0.4); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out 0s;\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">, former detainees at the internment camps recounted being shackled to beds or chairs, subjected to sleep deprivation, as well as beaten and hung from ceilings and walls. Residents in Xinjiang described excessive security checks, mass surveillance, and the constant threat of being arrested or sent to a camp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cThe situation in Xinjiang is unprecedented because of the breathtaking range of human rights abuses that are taking place,\u201d said Maya Wang, a senior China researcher at Human Rights Watch.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 1.6875rem; margin-bottom: 0.0625rem; font-size: 2.25rem; line-height: 2.5rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><strong>\u2018We can\u2019t ask, and they can\u2019t say\u2019<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 1.6875rem; margin-bottom: 0.0625rem; font-size: 2.25rem; line-height: 2.5rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\">&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In Kazakhstan, where many have family in China or grew up there before moving across the border as part of a repatriation programme, the situation in Xinjiang is nothing short of a crisis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Atazhurt, a local <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">organisation<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> that advocates for ethnic Kazakhs detained in China, says it gets between 20-30 requests for help every day from people whose relatives have been detained, arrested, or barred from leaving China. The group is dealing with more than 1,000 cases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">During recent interviews with researchers from Amnesty International, more than 100 people showed up clutching documents and photos of their missing relatives. Those detained include parents, grandparents, siblings, children <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">and<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> partners. In one case, a family was searching for news of a 13- year-old girl believed to have been sent to a re-education camp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bota Kussaiyn with her father, Sagymubai, who was sent to a re-education camp in December.\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/de4d00f5f4263b6a0b427c933f94fd6259999994\/0_0_960_1280\/master\/960.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=78ebbea29f7c0604855e3df3b498192a\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Bota <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Kussaiyn<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">, 26, is trying to find her 58-year-old father, <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Sagymubai<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">, who was sent to a re-education camp last December while visiting his hometown in Emin county in Xinjiang, according to relatives. Right before he left, he suggested they get a family portrait done, their only one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cMy first feeling is regret. My father shouldn\u2019t have gone to China. The second is fear \u2026 I\u2019m afraid he may never return,\u201d <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Kussaiyn<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> said. She gave her and her father\u2019s real names, despite the possibility of retribution, in hopes of drawing attention to his case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Residents in Kazakhstan say they cannot contact relatives and friends in China because the simple act of talking on the phone is enough to land them in an internment camp. Kazakhstan is one of 26 countries, including Russia and Turkey, that have been flagged as \u201csensitive\u201d by Chinese authorities, according to Human Rights Watch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cWhat China is doing is the complete isolation of Xinjiang from ties abroad,\u201d said Kakharman Kozhamberdi, an advisor for the World Uyghur Congress in Kazakhstan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Still, families communicate how they can. A Kazakh woman living in Almaty recently learned her brother in Xinjiang had been detained. She asked not to be named for fear of making the situation worse for him. A friend, calling from China, told her: \u201cI haven\u2019t seen yours in a while. I think they may be at school,\u201d code for detention in a re-education camp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cWe can\u2019t ask, and they can\u2019t say,\u201d her daughter-in-law says, explaining why they do not use names or speak more specifically. \u201cWe can only say: \u2018How are ours?\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In response to questions about missing relatives in Xinjiang, a spokeswoman for China\u2019s ministry of foreign affairs said: \u201cRegarding the people you asked about, we do not know.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 1.6875rem; margin-bottom: 0.0625rem; font-size: 2.25rem; line-height: 2.5rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u2018My soul, where are you?\u2019<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 1.6875rem; margin-bottom: 0.0625rem; font-size: 2.25rem; line-height: 2.5rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-weight: 200; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;\">&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Farkhad still messages his wife, even though she does not answer. \u201cHow are you, my soul? My battery died,\u201d he wrote a few hours after his wife\u2019s last message in June 2017. \u201cIs everything all right? We miss you very much,\u201d he messaged in December. Later that month: \u201cMy soul, where are you???\u201d His last message was on 8 June, almost a year since they last spoke. \u201cPlease answer. We are worried about you \u2026 We will keep and remember you <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">for ever<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In August, Farkhad drove three hours to Khorgas, on the border of Kazakhstan and China, where Chinese shops have set up in a <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">freetrade<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> zone. He wants to borrow a phone with a Chinese SIM card to call his wife\u2019s family in Xinjiang. They have stopped answering his calls, probably because they come from a Kazakh number.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Four Kazakh store clerks refused before a Chinese man agreed to lend his phone. Farkhad called his father-in-law and they spoke for a few minutes. He hung up and shook his head slightly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The news was bittersweet. His father-in-law is ill and has not been able to speak with Mariam\u2019s mother, also \u201cat school\u201d, for months. But he has been able to talk to <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Farkhad\u2019s<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> wife, his daughter, once a week. She is fine, he says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">On the drive home Farkhad is jubilant. \u201cI always felt in my heart she was alive,\u201d he says. \u201cShe left for what was supposed to be 10 days and disappeared for two years. When she comes back I\u2019m never letting her leave.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em>* Name has been changed to protect the identity of the interviewee<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em>Additional reporting by Naubet Bisenov<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: &quot;Guardian Text Egyptian Web&quot;, Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em>Source: The&nbsp;<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><em>Guardian<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For more than a year, *Farkhad, 39, has lived with the uncertainty that his wife Mariam may be dead. *Mariam, 31, was visiting her hometown of Artush in&nbsp;Xinjiang, northwest China,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-4097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4097\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4097"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=4097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}