{"id":4213,"date":"2018-10-15T14:27:06","date_gmt":"2018-10-15T14:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iuhrdf.org\/en\/2018\/10\/15\/leaders-who-unleashed-chinas-mass-detention-muslims\/"},"modified":"2018-10-15T14:27:06","modified_gmt":"2018-10-15T14:27:06","slug":"leaders-who-unleashed-chinas-mass-detention-muslims","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/leaders-who-unleashed-chinas-mass-detention-muslims\/","title":{"rendered":"The Leaders Who Unleashed China\u2019s Mass Detention of Muslims"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 480px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">BEIJING \u2014 Rukiya Maimaiti, a local propaganda official in China\u2019s far west, warned her colleagues to steel themselves for a wrenching task:&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/09\/08\/world\/asia\/china-uighur-muslim-detention-camp.html?module=inline\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" title=\"\">detaining large numbers of ethnic Uighurs and other Muslim minorities<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The Chinese government wanted to purge the Xinjiang region of \u201cextremist\u201d ideas, she&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/f56FNtgm7AcjxqqpF9ganw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"In Uighur.\">told her co-workers<\/a>, and secular Uighurs like themselves had to support the campaign for the good of their people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cFully understand that this task is in order to save your relatives and your families,\u201d wrote Ms. Maimaiti, a Communist Party functionary who works on the western edge of Xinjiang, in a message that was&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1564192713499485&amp;wfr=spider&amp;for=pc\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"In Chinese.\">preserved online<\/a>. \u201cThis is a special kind of education for a special time.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Her warning is one piece of a trail of evidence, often found on obscure government websites, that unmasks the origin of China\u2019s most sweeping internment drive since the Mao era \u2014 and establishes how&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/topic\/person\/xi-jinping?module=inline\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" title=\"\">President Xi Jinping<\/a>&nbsp;and other senior leaders played a decisive role in its rapid expansion.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;\">&nbsp;<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 348px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In a campaign that has drawn condemnation around the world, hundreds of thousands of Uighurs and other Muslim minorities have been held in \u201ctransformation\u201d camps across Xinjiang for weeks, months or years at a time, according to former inmates and their relatives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Beijing says the facilities provide job training and legal education for Uighurs and has denied carrying out mass detentions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">But speeches, reports <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">and<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> other documents online offer a clearer account than previously reported of how China\u2019s top leaders set in motion and escalated the indoctrination campaign, which aims to eradicate all but the mildest expressions of Islamic faith and any yearning for an independent Uighur homeland.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;\">&nbsp;<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" class=\"css-12t3uda e1a8i6eb0\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang2\/merlin_144709575_f8608e9d-e65b-4f18-a7fc-04653a2a56f5-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\" style=\"margin: 2.6875rem auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 e1vv25i80\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\" style=\"margin: -1px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); overflow: hidden;\">Image<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang2\/merlin_144709575_f8608e9d-e65b-4f18-a7fc-04653a2a56f5-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" itemprop=\"url\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang2\/merlin_144709575_f8608e9d-e65b-4f18-a7fc-04653a2a56f5-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang2\/merlin_144709575_f8608e9d-e65b-4f18-a7fc-04653a2a56f5-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang2\/merlin_144709575_f8608e9d-e65b-4f18-a7fc-04653a2a56f5-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang2\/merlin_144709575_f8608e9d-e65b-4f18-a7fc-04653a2a56f5-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 720px;\"><\/span><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1wtlzrm e3zkro30\" itemprop=\"caption description\" style=\"margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"css-1szf6bk e1olku6u0\" style=\"margin-right: 7px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.25rem;\">Chen Quanguo, right,&nbsp;<br \/>served as the party chief in Tibet before coming to Xinjiang. In Tibet, he won official praise for ramping up policing and quelling protests.<\/span><span class=\"css-18oazr6 e18m0s9i0\" itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.125rem; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\" style=\"margin: -1px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); overflow: hidden;\">Credit<\/span><span style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit;\">Etienne Oliveau\/Getty Images<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 112px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Mr. Xi has not publicly endorsed or commented on the camps, but he ordered a major shift in policy soon after visiting Xinjiang in 2014 to weaken Uighurs\u2019 separate identity and assimilate them into a society dominated by the Han majority, according to the documents.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;\">&nbsp;<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 884px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Later, amid official reports warning the results were insufficient, Mr. Xi reassigned&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/35726562\/Chen_Quanguo_The_Strongman_Behind_Beijings_Securitization_Strategy_in_Tibet_and_Xinjiang\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">Chen Quanguo<\/a>, 62, the hard-line party chief in neighboring Tibet, to act as the chief enforcer of the crackdown in Xinjiang. Mr. Chen was also promoted to the 25-member Politburo, the party leadership council that governs China.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cWhat is happening in Xinjiang is the leading edge of a new, more coercive ethnic policy under Xi Jinping\u2019s \u2018new era\u2019 of Chinese power,\u201d said&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.latrobe.edu.au\/humanities\/about\/staff\/profile?uname=jleibold\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">James Leibold<\/a>, an expert on Xinjiang at La Trobe University in Australia who has monitored the campaign.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The Trump administration is weighing sanctions against Chinese officials and companies involved in the indoctrination camps, a move that would extend the friction between Washington and Beijing over trade and military disputes to human rights. A bipartisan commission has&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cecc.gov\/media-center\/press-releases\/chairs-lead-bipartisan-letter-urging-administration-to-sanction-chinese\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">singled out Mr. Chen and six other officials<\/a>&nbsp;as potential targets.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Last week, apparently stung by the international criticism, the Xinjiang government issued revised rules on \u201cderadicalization\u201d that for the first time clearly authorized the indoctrination camps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Worried about Muslim extremism and ethnic nationalism, Beijing has long maintained tight control of Xinjiang, where nearly half the population of 24 million are Uighurs. In the decade up to 2014, the security forces struggled with a series of violent <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">antigovernment<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> attacks for which they blamed Uighur separatists.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Mr. Xi made his first and only visit as national leader to Xinjiang in April 2014. Hours after his&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/politics.people.com.cn\/n\/2014\/0504\/c1024-24968469.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">four-day visit<\/a>&nbsp;ended, assailants used bombs and knives to&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/05\/01\/world\/asia\/blast-hits-railway-station-in-restive-western-china.html?module=inline\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" title=\"\">kill three people<\/a>&nbsp;and wound nearly 80 others near a train station in Urumqi, the regional capital. The attack was seen as a rebuff to Mr. Xi, who had just left the city and vowed to wield an \u201ciron fist\u201d against Uighurs who oppose Chinese rule.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 84px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cThat seems to have been taken by Xi Jinping as an affront,\u201d said&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/researchers.anu.edu.au\/researchers\/clarke-mx\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">Michael Clarke<\/a>, a scholar at the Australian National University who studies Xinjiang.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;\">&nbsp;<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" class=\"css-12t3uda e1a8i6eb0\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang3\/merlin_143059680_4c6c20fd-f951-4398-af0b-7705e5acbc1c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\" style=\"margin: 2.6875rem auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 e1vv25i80\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\" style=\"margin: -1px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); overflow: hidden;\">Image<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 720px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 245); animation: animation-1m9j9gf 300ms ease-in 0s 1 normal forwards running;\">\n<div style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; height: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"css-1h6w7uo e1t57l6r0\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang3\/merlin_143059680_4c6c20fd-f951-4398-af0b-7705e5acbc1c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" itemprop=\"url\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang3\/merlin_143059680_4c6c20fd-f951-4398-af0b-7705e5acbc1c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang3\/merlin_143059680_4c6c20fd-f951-4398-af0b-7705e5acbc1c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang3\/merlin_143059680_4c6c20fd-f951-4398-af0b-7705e5acbc1c-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang3\/merlin_143059680_4c6c20fd-f951-4398-af0b-7705e5acbc1c-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out 0s; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1wtlzrm e3zkro30\" itemprop=\"caption description\" style=\"margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"css-1szf6bk e1olku6u0\" style=\"margin-right: 7px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.25rem;\">An indoctrination camp in Hotan, China. The indoctrination campaign aims to eradicate all but the mildest expressions of Islamic faith and any yearning for an independent Uighur homeland.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 744px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">A month later, Mr. Xi called for a vigorous push to make Uighurs loyal members of the Chinese nation through Chinese-language instruction, economic incentives <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">and<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> state-organized ethnic intermingling. The&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/news.mod.gov.cn\/headlines\/2014-05\/31\/content_4513138.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">leadership also approved a directive<\/a>&nbsp;on establishing tighter control of Xinjiang that has not been made public.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cStrengthen public identification of every ethnic group with the great motherland, with Chinese nationhood and with Chinese culture,\u201d Mr. Xi said at a meeting on Xinjiang at the time. \u201cThere must be&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/photo\/2014-05\/29\/c_126564529.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">more ethnic contact<\/a>, exchange <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">and<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> blending.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In the year after Mr. Xi\u2019s visit to Xinjiang, the documents show, the party began building \u201ctransformation through education\u201d camps to warn Muslim minorities of the evils of religious zealotry and ethnic separatism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The camps were relatively small back then; many detainees were held for just a few days or weeks,&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/news.hexun.com\/2014-11-21\/170645504.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">official speeches<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/alt.xjkunlun.cn\/xw\/jnyw\/2015\/4675333.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">reports show<\/a>. But there were no public guidelines for how they should operate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">By taking a harder line in Xinjiang, Mr. Xi effectively endorsed a group of Chinese scholars and officials advocating an overhaul of the party\u2019s longstanding policies toward ethnic minorities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">For decades, the party kept Uighurs, Tibetans and other groups under tight political control while allowing some room for preserving each nationality\u2019s language, culture <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">and<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> religion. The mosaic approach was copied from the Soviet Union and made Xinjiang an \u201cautonomous region,\u201d where, in theory, Uighurs enjoyed greater rights and representation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;\">&nbsp;<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 244px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">But in the 1990s, Chinese academics advising the government began arguing that these policies had contributed to the breakup of the Soviet Union by encouraging ethnic separatism. To avoid similar troubles, they argued, China should adopt measures aimed unapologetically at merging&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/files\/elliott\/files\/elliott_tcj_case_of_the_missing_indigene__1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">ethnic minorities<\/a>&nbsp;into a broader national identity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cSo-called \u2018ethnic elites\u2019 must never be given an opportunity to become the leaders of the pack in splitting the country,\u201d said Hu Lianhe, a researcher in this group,&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/www.aisixiang.com\/data\/36593.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">in a paper<\/a>&nbsp;he co-wrote in 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;\">&nbsp;<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" class=\"css-12t3uda e1a8i6eb0\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang4\/merlin_144580926_10174648-fcc6-4468-85e8-2600c8a86424-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\" style=\"margin: 2.6875rem auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 e1vv25i80\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\" style=\"margin: -1px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); overflow: hidden;\">Image<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 720px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 245); animation: animation-1m9j9gf 300ms ease-in 0s 1 normal forwards running;\">\n<div style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; height: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"css-1h6w7uo e1t57l6r0\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang4\/merlin_144580926_10174648-fcc6-4468-85e8-2600c8a86424-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" itemprop=\"url\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang4\/merlin_144580926_10174648-fcc6-4468-85e8-2600c8a86424-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang4\/merlin_144580926_10174648-fcc6-4468-85e8-2600c8a86424-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang4\/merlin_144580926_10174648-fcc6-4468-85e8-2600c8a86424-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang4\/merlin_144580926_10174648-fcc6-4468-85e8-2600c8a86424-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out 0s; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1wtlzrm e3zkro30\" itemprop=\"caption description\" style=\"margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"css-1szf6bk e1olku6u0\" style=\"margin-right: 7px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.25rem;\">President Xi Jinping has not publicly endorsed the camps, but he ordered a major policy shift toward Xinjiang that emphasized efforts to assimilate ethnic minorities into a greater \u201cChinese nation.\u201d<\/span><\/span><span class=\"css-18oazr6 e18m0s9i0\" itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; line-height: 1.125rem; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\" style=\"margin: -1px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); overflow: hidden;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Credit<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit;\">Lintao<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"css-18oazr6 e18m0s9i0\" itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.125rem; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;\"><span style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit;\"> Zhang\/Getty Images<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 480px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Mr. Hu is now a powerful voice setting policy for Xinjiang as a senior official in the United Front Work Department, a Communist Party agency that has claimed a growing say over the region.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">He has been identified as&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cecc.gov\/sites\/chinacommission.house.gov\/files\/Magnitsky-XUAR%20officials-list%20%28002%29.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">a potential target<\/a>&nbsp;of American sanctions. In August, he categorically denied reports of abuses in Xinjiang during&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/i\/moments\/1034983653267230720\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">a United Nations hearing<\/a>. \u201cThere is no \u2018de-Islamization,\u2019\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">By 2016, the Communist Party\u2019s main newspaper declared that&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/politics.people.com.cn\/n1\/2016\/0603\/c1001-28408115.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">the \u201cderadicalization\u201d campaign was succeeding<\/a>; no serious acts of <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">antigovernment<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> violence had been reported since Mr. Xi\u2019s visit to Xinjiang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">But officials gave grimmer assessments in less prominent forums. Some said that young Uighurs were more alienated from China than their elders; others warned that Uighurs who had traveled to the Middle East, sometimes to fight in Syria, <\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">were<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> bringing back extremist ideas and fighting experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;\">&nbsp;<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 368px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Such warnings appeared to persuade Mr. Xi and other leaders to back tougher measures. In August 2016, they brought in Mr. Chen from Tibet to run Xinjiang. He became the first party official to have served as the leader of both territories.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In Tibet, another frontier region experiencing ethnic strife, Mr. Chen had expanded the security forces, sent party officials to live in villages and tightened control of Buddhist monasteries and temples.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Less than three weeks after his arrival in Xinjiang, he&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/news.sina.com.cn\/c\/nd\/2016-09-20\/doc-ifxvyqvy6809128.shtml\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">announced a \u201cremobilization\u201d plan<\/a>&nbsp;to ramp up security, citing orders from Mr. Xi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Officials in Xinjiang were told to prepare for a multiyear offensive,&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/inews.ifeng.com\/mip\/50006760\/news.shtml\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">according to one official report<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;\">&nbsp;<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<figure aria-label=\"media\" class=\"css-12t3uda e1a8i6eb0\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang5\/merlin_124657286_c21b5634-ed08-4620-973d-745d05fc71ec-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" role=\"group\" style=\"margin: 2.6875rem auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; max-width: 720px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 e1vv25i80\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\" style=\"margin: -1px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); overflow: hidden;\">Image<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"css-8h527k\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 720px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 245); animation: animation-1m9j9gf 300ms ease-in 0s 1 normal forwards running;\">\n<div style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; height: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"css-1h6w7uo e1t57l6r0\" itemid=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang5\/merlin_124657286_c21b5634-ed08-4620-973d-745d05fc71ec-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" itemprop=\"url\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang5\/merlin_124657286_c21b5634-ed08-4620-973d-745d05fc71ec-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang5\/merlin_124657286_c21b5634-ed08-4620-973d-745d05fc71ec-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang5\/merlin_124657286_c21b5634-ed08-4620-973d-745d05fc71ec-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/10\/02\/world\/xxxinjiang5\/merlin_124657286_c21b5634-ed08-4620-973d-745d05fc71ec-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; height: auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out 0s; opacity: 1; display: block; width: 720px;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1wtlzrm e3zkro30\" itemprop=\"caption description\" style=\"margin: 10px 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"css-1szf6bk e1olku6u0\" style=\"margin-right: 7px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.25rem;\">A statue of Mao Zedong in downtown Kashgar. China is now engaging in the most sweeping internment drive since Mao\u2019s era.<\/span><span class=\"css-18oazr6 e18m0s9i0\" itemprop=\"copyrightHolder\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.125rem; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.01em;\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1afaoz0\" style=\"margin: -1px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); overflow: hidden;\">Credit<\/span><span style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit;\">Bryan Denton for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 300px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">In March 2017, the regional government&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/lib.ylsy.edu.cn\/bggg\/20170330\/165215.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">issued \u201cderadicalization\u201d <\/a><\/span><a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/lib.ylsy.edu.cn\/bggg\/20170330\/165215.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">rules<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">that<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> gave a vague green light to expanding the internment camps, but the national parliament never enacted a law authorizing the detentions as would be required by the Chinese constitution<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">. .<\/span><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"> Local officials soon began reporting growing numbers of Uighurs arrested or detained for indoctrination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cSince the strike-hard began in 2017, there have been many detainees, including many ultimately convicted,\u201d an official assigned to Hotan, an area in southern Xinjiang, wrote last year. \u201cThe numbers sent to transformation-through-education centers are also quite high.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-14jsv4e\" style=\"margin: 0px 0px 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 160px; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center;\">&nbsp;<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-18sbwfn StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: auto; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Times; display: flex; height: 688px; width: 1200px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\" style=\"margin-left: calc((100% - 630px) \/ 2); text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; width: 630px; max-width: 630px;\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">As the camps and surveillance efforts expanded, Beijing directed new funds to Xinjiang, where spending on security nearly doubled in 2017 from the year before, to $8.4 billion,&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/www.xinjiangnet.com.cn\/2018\/0203\/2044552.shtml\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">according to data<\/a>&nbsp;released early this year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u201cThe central level ultimately pays for all of it, so some kind of consent was certainly given,\u201d said&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.awm-korntal.eu\/en\/person\/1302.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">Adrian Zenz<\/a>, a scholar at the European School of Culture and Theology in Germany who has&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/37353916\/NEW_Sept_2018_Thoroughly_Reforming_Them_Towards_a_Healthy_Heart_Attitude_-_Chinas_Political_Re-Education_Campaign_in_Xinjiang\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">studied the camps<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The scale of detentions across Xinjiang may have gone further than initially expected. \u201cThey were having to use train stations and other random places to hold people because they weren\u2019t expecting to have so many,\u201d said Jessica Batke, a former State Department analyst.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">A&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/zjx\/zjx_zjsj\/201412\/t20141224_1454905.shtml\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">broad definition<\/a>&nbsp;of \u201creligious extremism\u201d \u2014 which included behavior as simple as trying to persuade people to quit alcohol and smoking, as well as more serious transgressions \u2014 gave the authorities wide leeway to punish even mildly pious Muslims.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Local officials like Ms. Maimaiti had little incentive to hold back; those&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/142630680_661187\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">found dragging their feet<\/a>&nbsp;in the crackdown have been named and punished.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The public has been told to prepare for a long offensive, which one local official last week called a \u201ccampaign of intellectual emancipation.\u201d The&nbsp;<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" href=\"http:\/\/wemedia.ifeng.com\/70912224\/wemedia.shtml\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(50, 104, 145);\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">Xinjiang government decreed<\/a>&nbsp;late last year that the security drive would last five years before achieving \u201ctotal stability.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1.1875rem; line-height: 1.75rem; font-family: nyt-imperial, georgia, &quot;times new roman&quot;, times, serif; width: 630px; max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Source: THE NEW YORK TIMES<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BEIJING \u2014 Rukiya Maimaiti, a local propaganda official in China\u2019s far west, warned her colleagues to steel themselves for a wrenching task:&nbsp;detaining large numbers of ethnic Uighurs and other Muslim&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4212,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-4213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4213"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4213\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4213"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=4213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}