![\"\"](\"https:\/\/iuhrdf.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Sultan-Abdulazizin-Dogu-Turkistan-696x348.png\")
Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Ka\u015fgar Hakimi Yakub Han, emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler, Rus, \u00c7in ve \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a bunald\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131 Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz Han\u2019a, ye\u011feni ve fevkalade bir diplomat olan Seyyid Yakub Han T\u00f6re\u2019yi g\u00f6ndererek yard\u0131m talebinde bulundu.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck diplomatlardan biri olan Seyyid Yakub Han, k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla \u201cHoca T\u00f6re\u201d, T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki geli\u015fmeleri ve bu arada Ka\u015fgar Devleti\u2019nin durumu ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bir \u015fekilde Osmanl\u0131 Huk\u00fbmeti ileri gelenlerine ve Padi\u015fah\u2019a anlatarak \u00fclkesi i\u00e7in yard\u0131m talebinde bulundu.<\/p>\n
Seyyid Yakub Han, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a yard\u0131m ile birlikte \u00fclkesinin Osmanl\u0131 himayesine al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 dileyen Ka\u015fgar Hakimi Yakub Han\u2019\u0131n Ekim 1872 tarihli mektubunu \u0130stanbul\u2019da Padi\u015fah\u2019a sundu.<\/p>\n
Yakub Han bu mektubunda \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:<\/p>\n
\u201cDuydu\u011fumuza g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019\u0131n halifesi olarak zat-\u0131 \u015fahaneniz, himmetinizi \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n hayr\u0131na sarf etmektesiniz. Bu arada biz de sizlere niyazda bulunmay\u0131 ganimet bilerek y\u00fcce kat\u0131n\u0131zda kullu\u011fumuzun kabul\u00fc \u00fcmidiyle bu mektubu g\u00f6ndermeye c\u00fcret ettik. Biz acizlerini de himaye etti\u011finiz kullar\u0131n\u0131z aras\u0131na dahil ile kap\u0131n\u0131zda hizmet edenlere il\u00e2ve buyurunuz ki bu vesileyle bizim de ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z dik olsun\u2026 Di\u011fer hususlar el\u00e7imiz Esseyid Yakub Efendi\u2019nin \u015fifahi takririne havale olunmu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/p>\n
16 Haziran 1873 \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cHuzur-\u0131 h\u00fcmayun\u201da kabul edilen Yakub Han\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7isi Seyyid Yakub Han, \u00fclkesinin dertlerini huk\u00fbmet erk\u00e2n\u0131na etrafl\u0131ca anlatarak bilhassa askeri sahada Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 rica etti.<\/p>\n
Bunun \u00fczerine:<\/p>\n
Padi\u015fah Abd\u00fclaziz Han\u2019\u0131n emri ile Osmanl\u0131 Huk\u00fbmeti, Yakub Han\u2019\u0131n biat ve el\u00e7isinin yard\u0131m i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fcracaatlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek kabul etti. Huk\u00fbmet bu karar\u0131ndan sonra Ka\u015fgar Hakimi\u2019nin ricalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekeni yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sadarettin (Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n) direktifi ile Ka\u015fgar el\u00e7isinin istekleri bizzat Tophane M\u00fc\u015firi Ali Said Pa\u015fa ve Umum Fabrikalar Naz\u0131r\u0131 Seyyid Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirildi.<\/p>\n
Ka\u015fgar h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131na b\u00fct\u00fcn aletleriyle beraber 6 adet Krupp topu, 1.000 adet eski ve 200 adet de yeni yap\u0131 t\u00fcfek ile kaps\u00fcl ve barut imal vas\u0131talar\u0131 ve ustalar\u0131 g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, Ka\u015fgar ordusunu e\u011fitmek i\u00e7in, istihkam subay\u0131 Ali Kaz\u0131m Bey, piyade subay\u0131 Mehmet Yusuf Bey, s\u00fcvari zabiti \u00c7erkes Yusuf Bey ve top\u00e7u zabiti \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Bey ile d\u00f6rt emekli subay\u0131n, Enderun\u2019dan Murad Efendi\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ka\u015fgar\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verildi.<\/p>\n
Yakub Han\u2019a ise baz\u0131 hediyeler ile birlikte \u201cBirinci r\u00fctbeden murassa ni\u015fan-\u0131 Osman\u00ee\u201d ve \u201cSeyf ve alem\u201d g\u00f6nderilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hediyeleri ve yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ihtiva eden bir \u201cName-i H\u00fcmayun\u201d da Yakub Han\u2019a yaz\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Ka\u015fgar H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Yakub Han\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcren heyet, S\u00fcvey\u015f \u00fczerinden rahat bir yolculuktan sonra Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Bombay \u015fehrine ula\u015ft\u0131. Fakat heyet, Boybay\u2019dan Ka\u015fgar\u2019a kadar olan yolculu\u011funda \u0130ngilizler\u2019in, T\u00fcrk heyetinin kalabal\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve muhtevas\u0131ndan duyduklar\u0131 tedirginlik ve k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 engeller dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ok eziyet \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
Nihayet, el\u00e7ilik heyeti ve \u201cName-i H\u00fcmayun\u201d Ka\u015fgar\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131 ve Yakub Han taraf\u0131ndan 100 pare top at\u0131\u015f\u0131yla selamland\u0131. Bu t\u00f6renden sonra Yakub Han, h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn memleketlerde hutbeleri Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz nam\u0131na okutma\u011fa ve sikkeleri de onun ad\u0131na bast\u0131rma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Daha \u00f6nce \u201cAtal\u0131k-Gazi\u201d ve \u201cBe-Devlet\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f olan Yakub Han\u2019a Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan verilen \u201cEmir\u201d lik \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n il\u00e2n\u0131nda o s\u0131rada Ka\u015fgar\u2019a varm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130ngiliz el\u00e7ilik heyeti de haz\u0131r bulundu.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya Te\u015fekk\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p>\n Ka\u015fgar Emiri Yakub Han, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kendisine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131ma ve iltifata te\u015fekk\u00fcr i\u00e7in 7 Nisan 1875 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektubunda h\u00fclasa olarak \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:<\/p>\n \u201cL\u00fctfedip Halifemizin g\u00f6ndermi\u015f bulundu\u011fu \u201cName-i H\u00fcmayun\u201d, 4 zabit, 1 murassa k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, birinci r\u00fctbede murassa bir \u2018Ni\u015fan-\u0131 Osman\u00ee,\u2019 b\u00fct\u00fcn edevat\u0131yla beraber 6 top, 1000 adet eski ve 200 adet yeni yap\u0131 t\u00fcfenk buraya ula\u015ft\u0131. Bunlard\u0131n gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131 halkta b\u00fcy\u00fck sevin\u00e7 meydana getirmi\u015ftir. Hatta bunlar\u0131n geli\u015fi halka 100 pare top at\u0131larak m\u00fcjdelendi.<\/p>\n Ben de \u00f6mr\u00fcm olduk\u00e7a hilafet-penahilerine duac\u0131y\u0131m. Verece\u011finiz her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emri yerine getirmek i\u00e7in haz\u0131r\u0131m. B\u00fcy\u00fck ihsanlar\u0131n\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn Orta Asya \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2lemine yeni bir hayat vermi\u015ftir. \u015eimdi b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar y\u00fczlerini sizlere \u00e7evirmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Herkes zat-\u0131 \u00e2lilerine tebaiyet arzusu ile doludur. \u00dcmid ederim ki k\u0131sa zamanda b\u00fct\u00fcn orta Asya Dar\u00fclhilafe ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kurarlar ve bu suretle d\u00fcnya ve din i\u015flerinin en y\u00fcksek ve en temiz vazifesi olan \u0130slam birli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n \u015eu anda \u00e2ciz bendeleri \u201cDevlet-i Aliyye\u201dnin sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, \u201chutbe\u201dyi ve \u201csikke\u201dyi nam\u0131n\u0131za ortaya koymu\u015f vaziyette size kar\u015f\u0131 vacip olan borcumu yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Askerin e\u011fitilmesi ve yeti\u015ftirilmesi hususunda b\u00fct\u00fcn gayreti sarfetmekteyim. \u0130n\u015faallah yak\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir terakki g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n Kendisini Halife\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 bir emir olarak il\u00e2n eden Yakub Han, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan gelen subaylar\u0131n da yard\u0131m\u0131yla, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir enerji ile ordusunu yeti\u015ftirme\u011fe koyulmu\u015ftur. Yakub Han\u2019\u0131n bu hummal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda neticelerini vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim, Yakub Han\u2019\u0131n ordusunun m\u00fckemmel e\u011fitimini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olan yabanc\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahitler durumu takdir ve hayranl\u0131kla raporlar\u0131nda zikretmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n \u00c7inliler Ka\u015fgar\u2019\u0131 \u0130\u015fgal Ediyor<\/strong><\/p>\n Yakub Han \u00f6nderli\u011finde kurulan Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Devleti i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike yay\u0131lmac\u0131 siyasetini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyen \u00c7in\u2019den geliyordu. Nitekim \u00c7inliler 10 Aral\u0131k 1877\u2019de Ka\u015fgar\u2019\u0131 i\u015fgal ettiler. Yakub Han \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcnden kalp krizi ge\u00e7irerek vefat etti.<\/p>\n Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a hakim olan \u00c7inliler askeri bir istibdat ve zulm idaresi kurdular.<\/p>\n \u00c7in katliam\u0131na g\u00f6rg\u00fc \u015fahidi olma bahts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frayan Osmanl\u0131 subaylar\u0131ndan Ali Kaz\u0131m, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 ve Mehmet Yusuf\u2019un ifadelerine g\u00f6re \u00c7inliler taraf\u0131ndan 60.000 ki\u015filik Ka\u015fgar ordusu tamamen tasfiye edildi\u011fi gibi, halk\u0131 sindirmek i\u00e7in toplu katliamlara gidilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bu hususta Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Ali Kaz\u0131m Bey\u2019in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve vatana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid Han\u2019a arz etti\u011fi raporun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026 Bu ara ellerine f\u0131rsat ge\u00e7en \u00c7inliler evvelce zaptetmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 \u015fehirlerden ba\u015fka Kara\u015fehir, Korla, Ko\u00e7ar ve \u00dc\u00e7-Turfan \u015fehirleriyle Bay ve B\u00f6rki kasabalar\u0131n\u0131 da zaptettiler. Keyfiyet \u00f6\u011frenilince ordugah\u0131m\u0131z Hoten\u2019den hareket etti. \u00c7inlilerle temas edilinceye kadar Maralba\u015f\u0131 kasabas\u0131 da \u00c7inlilerin eline ge\u00e7ti. Esirlerden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz yetmi\u015f nefer \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ve Pazarda te\u015fhir edilir hemen o g\u00fcn \u00fcmeradan onyedi kimse ise \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra \u015fehit edilip bakiye esirler ba\u015fka ba\u015fka zindanlara teslim edildi.<\/p>\n Geceleri yal\u0131nayak ba\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ayaklar\u0131m\u0131z demir zincirlerle ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde Anbaan ad\u0131ndaki zaptiye miralay\u0131n\u0131n huzuruna \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p arkam\u0131za kam\u00e7\u0131, t\u0131rnaklar\u0131m\u0131za ucu sivri demir kalem vurarak \u2018Siz ni\u00e7in Yakub Han\u2019\u0131n taraf\u0131na yard\u0131mda bulundunuz\u2019 diye otuz \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn cefa ettiler.<\/p>\n Sonra e\u015fyalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 m\u00fcsadere ve \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak olarak idama mahkum edip, elimizde, aya\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ve bo\u011faz\u0131m\u0131zda demir zincir ve t\u0131rnaklar\u0131m\u0131zda demirden i\u011fneler oldu\u011fu halde \u00c7in ordu kumandan\u0131 General Tso\u2019nun huzuruna be\u015f defa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131k.<\/p>\n Birinci defada ne kadar vali var ise \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fkencelerle ba\u015flar\u0131 bedenlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131p cesetleri a\u011fa\u00e7tan kafesler i\u00e7erisinde kale kap\u0131lar\u0131na ast\u0131lar.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci defada beni elli alt\u0131 ki\u015fi ile beraber sorguya \u00e7ekip, ben ve be\u015f kimse zincirlere vurulu oldu\u011fu halde \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ve pazarlarda dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p tekrar zindana konulduk. Di\u011fer ellibir ki\u015fi \u015fehit edildi.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc defada tekrar sorguya \u00e7ekildik, ben idama mahkum edilerek meydana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131m. Yan\u0131mda birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin idam\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahede etmi\u015f iken, General Tso\u2019dan gelen bir emir \u00fczerine arkada\u015flar\u0131mla beraber zindana hapsedildim.<\/p>\n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc defa tekrar idam yerine getirilmi\u015f iken \u00c7inlilere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan vali Niyaz Hekim Bey\u2019in istirham\u0131 ile affolunduk.<\/p>\n Be\u015finci defa da tekrar canlar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00fcmid keserek idam meydan\u0131na getirilmi\u015fken b\u00fct\u00fcn ahalinin istirham\u0131na binaen af ve fakat dokuz ay zindanda hapsolunduktan sonra \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p muhafaza alt\u0131nda hududa kadar g\u00f6nderilmemize karar verildi.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7 arkada\u015f\u0131mla beraber Hind\u2019e tabi Ladak \u015fehrine bir ay sonra vas\u0131l olduk. Bizi takip eden kervan yeti\u015fti\u011finde ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za gelen felaketi tacirlere anlat\u0131p, onlar da keyfiyeti \u0130ngiliz valisine bildirdi\u011finde, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile \u0130ngilizler aras\u0131nda dostlu\u011fa uyarak yol masraf\u0131m\u0131z \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denerek Bombay\u2019da vapura bindirilip \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve eski vazifelerimize kavu\u015farak, merhametinize s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 beyana cesaret eder, devletlerinin bekas\u0131 duasiyle s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bitiririm.\u201d<\/p>\n
\nDa\u011f\u0131lan askerin gelmesi ile toplanan \u00fc\u00e7 bin asker ve yedi vali \u00c7inliler eline esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Hepimiz zindana konulduk.<\/p>\n